Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Jaleel Kareem Ahmed
Professor-University of Babylon ,Iraq
Keynote: Effects of Natural Pigments on the Polyvinyl Alcohol Biopolymer
Biography:
Professor Jaleel Kareem Ahmed has expertise in evaluation in Iron and steel industry . He registered 3 patents in USA , UK and Iraq about using water in iron industry and wax for storage and transportation of Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) , and using wax for carburizing of steel. Also he used chlorophyll as gamma ray absorber to protect Iraqi children from cancer . He used the mechanically red beet juice as scavenger for poisonous heavy metal ions and anticancer and detoxification of urea and uric acid from human body via urine system . In 2013 he was awarded Scientific Medal from Iraqi Government .
In 2014 I qualified as a member in Who is Who network. I has been Serving as a reviewer of Journal of Advances in Polymer Technology / Thomson Reuters . He took part in 2016 & 2017 for Quality Star (QS ) World University Ranking Supplement for the QS Intelligence Unit .
Abstract:
Effects of Natural Pigments on the Polyvinyl Alcohol Biopolymer
Jaleel Kareem Ahmed , Zuhair J. Abdulamer , Maha Jasim Mohamed Al-Bahate University of Babylon – Iraq
This research focus on the effects of extracted natural pigments ( chlorophyll and anthocyanin ) on the secondary ( Engineering ) bonds in the polyvinyl alcohol ( PVA ) which play an important role on the physical and chemical properties of polymer . Natural pigments extracted from plants by a simple methods and showed a good agreement with the standard one which characterized by ultraviolet – visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared ( FTIR ). The blend of PVA with pigments where characterized by FTIR , differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) , hardness , and density . Hardness of the PVA decreases with the concentration of chlorophyll which indicate it is a perfect plasticizer while anthocyanin showed weak effect , while density of blend showed decreasing by chlorophyll more than that with anthocyanin . This is due to the many hydroxyl groups in both polymer and anthocyanin result in strong hydrogen bonding interactions .
Results showed that anthocyanin showed higher depression in glass transition temperature ( Tg ) of PVA than do chlorophyll due to many hydroxyl groups in anthocyanin which rupture the secondary bonds of PVA as well as anthocyanin more polar and has exchangeable proton comparing with chlorophyll . The energies provided by the pigments to destroy the second bonds as a function of pigments concentration ( depressed in Tg values ) are shown in the following table
|
Pigment |
Glass transition temperature (Ëšc ) |
Given energy by added pigments ( kJ mol-1 ) |
|
Pure PVA |
75.3 |
------ |
|
3% chlorophyll |
73.1 |
1.67 |
|
7% chlorophyll |
73.4 |
1.39 |
|
3% anthocyanin |
74 |
0.95 |
|
7% anthocyanin |
61.3 |
10.1 |
From the above table , it seems that pigments providing small amounts of energy to depress Tg of the PVA biopolymer .
Session Introduction
Meei-Ling Sheu
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung
Title: A study of indications, complications of prosthetic valves and prognosis after treatment of stuck valve
Biography:
Abstract:
Inhibitory S-nitrosylation of the deacetylase SIRT1 blocked EMT by Honokiol and inhibited gastriccancer peritoneal dissemination
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may play a key role in tumor peritoneal dissemination of epithelial tumors that involves loss of cell -- cell adhesion and increased cell mobility; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying PTM by S-nitrosylation modulates signal transduction are not fully elucidated. We previously reported that Honokiol preferentially evoked ER stress-calpain activity and degrades COX-2 via AhR cleavage. The expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) has been reported to predict poor
survival, associated with the clinical features and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Herein, we propose a novel mechanism through which the inhibitory S-nitrosylation of the deacetylase SIRT1 by Honokiol
regulates EMT in gastric cancer cells through interfere with the EMT reducing transcription factor Slug.Importantly, we found that Honokiol specifically reduced iNOS and induced eNOS enzymatic activity and protein expression. eNOS drive nitrosylation of Sirt1. Honokiol-induced S-nitrosylation of the deacetylase SIRT1 by direct methods analyzed by LC/MS/MS using ESI quadrupole time of flight (QTOF) mass
spectrometry and biotin-switch technique. In addition, over-expression of SIRT1 in gastric epithelial cells disrupts the epithelial morphology concomitant with decreased expression of the epithelial marker, E-cadherin,
and increased expression of mesenchymal markers. In contrast, exposure to Honokiol or silencing SIRT1 in metastatic gastric tumor cells restores cell -- cell adhesion and induces a shift toward an epithelial morphology
concomitant with increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of mesenchymal markers. We also found that SIRT1 has a physiologically relevant role in endogenous EMT induced by kynurenine (KYN)
signaling in gastric cancer cells. We propose that the regulation of EMT by SIRT1 involves modulation of,and cooperation with, the EMT inducing transcription factor Slug. Specifically, we show that SIRT1 silencing
reduces expression of Slug and that SIRT1 is recruited to the E-cadherin proximal promoter by Slug to deacetylate histone H3 and to reduce binding of RNA polymerase II, ultimately suppressing E-cadherin
transcription. We thus identify a necessary role for Slug in SIRT1-mediated EMT. Finally, we show that Snitrosylation of the SIRT1 or reduction of SIRT1 decreases gastric cancer cell migration in vitro and metastasis
in vivo in immunodeficient mice, which is largely independent of any general effects of SIRT1 on cancer growth and survival. We therefore identify SIRT1 as a positive regulator of EMT and metastatic growth of
gastric cancer cells and our findings implicate S-nitrosylation of the SIRT1 by Honokiol as a potential therapeutic target to reverse EMT and to prevent gastric cancer progression.
Nadia Alhili
Ibn-Hayyan University College , Iraq
Title: Differentiation of volatile organic metabolite (VOM) profiles in urine of testicular cancer patients before and after chemotherapy
Biography:
To be updated soon
Abstract:
The Role of Trace and Ultratrace Elements in Pathogenesis of
Pre-eclampsia
Abstract
Preeclampsia is defined as hypertension associated with proteinuria arising de novo after the 20th week of gestation in a previously normotensive woman and resolving completely by the 6th postpartum week. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy. In UK, preeclampsia affects 3-5% of pregnancies. Its aetiology remains incompletely understood, and is considered as a disease of theories. One of these theories refers to the effect of heavy metals, trace, and ultra trace elements in the corresponding patients. In the present study some trace and ultra trace elements were estimated to identity their role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. This study was carried out in Babylon Teaching Hospital for Gynecology and Pediatrics, in Babylon Province, Hilla City. All samples were collected from November 2014 till February 2015. This is a case control study which included 120 women, sixty were patients diagnosed with preeclampsia in the third trimester and the other sixty were healthy pregnant women (controls) in the third trimester. Cases with age over 40, BMI > 30, previous history of pre-eclampsia, family history of pre-eclampsia, multiple pregnancy and hydrops fetalis, pre-existing hypertension or renal disease, pre-existing vascular disease, antiphospholipid syndrome, and smoking were excluded. Serum levels of iron, zinc, magnesium were measured by using a colorimetric method, while serum concentrations of copper, chromium, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, and selenium were measured by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique.
The results were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean. T-test and the linear regression analysis were used for the determination of the level of significance. Statistical analysis were performed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 software. A P value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Serum total iron level was significantly higher in patients with pre-eclampsia compared to control group (186.498 µg/dl versus 94.392 , P value < 0.05). While no significant difference was found in molybdenum level between them (2.304 µg/dl versus 2.670, P value ˃ 0.05). Finally, serum total concentrations of the other elements were significantly lower in patients with pre-eclampsia compared to control group as illustrated below:
- Copper (143.153 µg/dl versus 209.657 µg/dl, P value < 0.05)
- Chromium (0.382 µg/dl versus 0.678 µg/dl, P value < 0.05)
- Cobalt (0.143 µg/dl versus 0.330 µg/dl, P value < 0.05)
- Magnesium (2.115 mg/dl versus 2.456 mg/dl, P value < 0.05)
- Manganese (7.617 µg/dl versus 10.847 µg/dl, P value < 0.05)
- Selenium (2.546 µg/dl versus 4.306 µg/dl, P value < 0.05)
- Zinc (57.283 µg/dl versus 87.535 µg/dl, P value < 0.05).
In conclusion, alteration in the levels of serum trace and ultra trace elements could contribute to the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.
Ya-Ju Hsieh
Molecular medicine Research center,Taiwan
Title: Bretschneider solution induced urine metabolomics alteration in cardiac surgery patients
Biography:
Ya-Ju Hsieh has her expertise in mass spectrometry of metabolomics and proteomics analysis. Her study is major in using quantitative metabolomics profiling approaches to investigate urine samples of cardio surgery patients with or without cardioplegia treatment. The platform was developed by Prof. Liang Li from University of Alberta, Canada, which is based on modified metabolites with dansyl group which can efficiently improve the ionization efficiency of metabolites for 1~3 orders. Using this method, we detected
more than 14,000 metabolites from 100 samples which provides systemic analysis of metabolomicsalteration. This method was focused on metabolites with amine and phenol functional groups, and the platform to label alcohol, aldehyde and acid are still working on.
Abstract:
The discovery of Bretschneider’s histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) cardioplegia solution had been one of major advancement in cardiac surgery to offer myocardial protection. However, metabolic alteration of these additive in the whole body has not been systematically investigated. Using non-targeted mass spectrometry-based method, the deep urinary metabolome may provide a systemic view of metabolic shifts in patients receiving HTK. Prospective urine samples were collected from 100 patients underwent cardiac surgery and the metabolomic changes were profiled by a high-performance chemical isotope labeling liquid chromatography (LC-MS) method. Over 14642 metabolites were quantified using differential 13C-/12C-dansyl labeling LC-MS, which targeting the amine/phenol submetabolome from the urine specimens. We identified 285 significantly differential metabolites (fold change more than 5) and assembled several potential metabolic pathway map derived from dysregulated metabolite hits. Our data indicated an up-expressed histidine metabolism with subsequent increased glutamine/glutamate metabolism, altered purine and pyrimidine metabolism, and up-expressed vitamin B6 metabolism in patients receiving HTK. Such information provides solid evidence outlining the shift in metabolic pathways and establishes a basis for further study regarding the key mechanisms of HTK solution in organ protection or potential harm.