8^th International Conference and Exhibition on Metabolomics & Systems Biology May 08-10, 2017 Singapore

Biography:

Junfang Zheng has accumulated rich experience in scientific research and formed rigorous research ideas after years of study. Her main research areas are regulation of tumor related signal transduction pathways and biomarker identification via MS-based proteomics and metabolomics. She has a passion for scientific research and has a deep knowledge of oncology. Her research contributes to the progress of oncology research.

Abstract:

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most lethal neoplasm of the urologic system. Clinical therapeutic effect varies greatly between individual ccRCC patients, so there is an urgent need to develop prognostic molecular biomarkers to help clinicians identify patients in need of early aggressive management. In this study, samples from primary ccRCC tumor and their corresponding non-tumor adjacent tissues (n=18) were analyzed by quantitative proteomic assay. Proteins downregulated in tumors were studied by GO and KEGG pathways enrichment analyses. Six proteins were found both downregulated and annotated with cell proliferation in ccRCC patients. Of these proteins, PDZK1 and FABP1 were also involved in the lipid metabolism pathway. The downregulation of PDZK1 was further validated in TCGA_KIRC dataset (n=532) and independent set (n=202). PDZK1 could discriminate recurrence, metastasis and prognosis between ccRCC patients. Low expressions of PDZK1 in both mRNA and protein were associated with reduced overall survival (OS) and disease–free survival (DFS) in two independent sets. In univariate and multivariate analyses, PDZK1 was defined as an independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS as well. These findings indicated that low level of PDZK1 could predict poor clinical outcome in patients with ccRCC.

Biography:

Dominika Maciejewska is currently a PhD Scholar at the Pomeranian Medical University, Poland. Her field of interest is the molecular mechanism of NAFLD development. Her PhD topic is “Changes in the fatty acid profile of NAFLD patients before and after 6 month dietary intervention", which focuses mainly on seeking lipid marker in NAFLD progression.

Abstract:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver conditions related to fat infiltration in this organ. The disease affects 20-30% of adults in developed countries and become important clinical entity. NAFLD, similarly to metabolic syndrome is associated with: Dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, obesity, type II diabetes and insulin resistance. There is a great need to find a noninvasive method which will be helpful in NAFLD evaluation. The study compared biochemical parameters and eicosanoid profile between first and second stage of hepatic steatosis and the effect of 6 months dietary intervention on various parameters. A group of 24 patients diagnosed with stage I and II of NAFLD according to Hamaguchi score were enrolled. Eicosanoids profiles were extracted from the 0.5 ml of plasma by using solid-phase extraction RP-18 SPE columns (Agilent Technologies, UK). The HPLC separations were performed on an Agilent Technologies 1260 liquid chromatography. We analyzed the following eicosanoids: Profiles 5(S), 6(R)-Lipoxin A₄, 5(S),6(R), 15(R)-Lipoxin A₄, 5(S)-HETE, 5(S)-oxoETE, 12(S)-HETE, 15(S)-HETE, 16(R)/16(S)-HETE, 9(S)-HODE and 13(S)-HODE. Patients, with stage I of NAFLD showed significantly higher level of HDL cholesterol (p<0.05), lower level of 5-HETE (p<0.05) and 9-HODE (p<0.05). After a six-month dietary intervention, all patients reported complete reduction of hepatic steatosis, which resulted in a significant decrease of the concentrations of all eicosanoids and key of biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, GGTP, HDL, insulin HOMA-IR, p<0.05). At the early stages of fatty liver the biochemical parameters may not be significantly impaired. In this case, the diagnosis was based on the non-invasive method, such as ultrasound, became more difficult. 9-HODE can be produced during non-enzymatic oxidation of linoleic acid, or by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) conversion. 5-HETE is converted from AA by 5-LOX. It seems that 5-LOX activity is higher in patients with II degree of NAFLD than in patient with I degree of the disease. Furthermore, eicosanoid profile changes appear faster than changes in biochemical parameters. Our result shows that eicosanoids profile can be useful in NAFLD evaluation.

Biography:

Kieu Oanh T Nguyen has research interests on small molecule measurements and metabolomics in plants. She is also interested to apply metabolomics approach in natural product drug discovery (dereplication, chemotaxonomy, metabolic engineering). Her expertise is in the development of screening pipelines for small molecule extraction, isolation and derivatization where necessary, chromatographic separation (liquid and gas chromatography) and detection including mass spectrometry.

Abstract:

Isatis tinctoria is a plant species belonging to the Brassicaceae family that is known as an ancient source of indigo dye and as a medicinal plant with high industrial potential. Although a large comprehensive metabolite profiling of the bio-active dried leaf extracts has been reported, metabolite profiling of Isatis fresh leaves focused up to today on glucosinolates and flavonoids. We profiled here the methanol extracts of I. tinctoria fresh leaf extracts in an untargeted way and aimed especially to detect as yet unidentified compounds. Therefore, an algorithm was adopted in which liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry profiles are searched for pairs of peaks that have mass and retention time differences corresponding with those of substrates and products from well-known biochemical conversions. We then concatenated these peak pairs into a network where the nodes represent metabolites and edges represent biochemical conversions. Starting from known network nodes, following the edges of the network allowed the characterization of adjacent network nodes, leading to their structure. This high-throughput cheminformatics procedure allowed the characterization of the structures of a wide spectrum of hydroxycinnamic acid esters. Besides the sinapate esters of malate, glucose and gentiobiose, which are typical for brassicaceous plants, these conjugates comprised a large variety of glucaric acid esters which have not been reported in plants before. This untargeted approach suggests the existence of an as yet unknown acyltransferase activity in Isatis tinctoria rosette leaves.

Biography:

Abubaker M A Morgan has his expertise in extraction and isolation of secondary metabolites from plants and microbes using normal column chromatography, MPLC, preparative TLC, semiprep-HPLC, etc. and structure elucidation of isolated compounds using 1D and 2D NMR techniques as well as other spectral methods such as UV, FT-IR and X-ray crystallography. During his PhD degree, he has worked on three plant species from Sudanese native medicinal plants.

Abstract:

The genus Boscia (Capparaceae) contains more than 37 species distributed mainly in Africa, excluding one species found in southern Arabia. Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. ex. Poir. is an evergreen shrub reaching 7 meters in height. It is native to the Sahel and Sahara savannas stretching from Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Niger and Nigeria to Cameroon and across Africa to Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya. The importance of B. senegalensis for the rural agro-economy in Africa has been discussed in several reports, making it a plant of high value for both humans and animals. Previous phytochemical reports on B. senegalensis, which were conducted on the leaves and fruits, identified glucosinolate. Detailed chemical investigation of Boscia senegalensis (Per) Lam. ex Poir led to the isolation of one new flavonol glycoside, rhamnocitrin-3-O-β-D-(6''-O-E-feruloyl)-glucopyranoside named bosenegaloside A (1), with seven known compounds, rhamnocitrin- 3-O- β-D- (6''-O-E-p-coumaroyl)- glucopyranoside (2), rhamnocitrin- 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol-β-D-glucopyrinoside (4), lasianthionoside A (5), 3,7-dimethyl-1-octene-3,6,7-triol-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), syringin (7), and austroside B (8). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated from spectroscopic data (ESI-MS, HR-ESI-MS, 1D, 2D-NMR, UV and FT-IR) and by compared these data with previously published results. The inhibitory activity of the isolated compounds on soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) was assessed. Compounds 1-3 potently inhibited sEH activity with IC50 values of 12.8±0.5, 18.4±0.2 and 11.3±0.9 µM, respectively.

Biography:

Jian-Yong Li is a Leader of Research and Development program at Agricultural Science and Technology Innovative Program of CAAS. He has obtained his BSc degree in Pharmacy (1995) from Lanzhou University, MS degree in Clinic Veterinary Sciences (2000) from the Graduate School of CAAS and his PhD degree in Analytical Chemistry (2005) from the Graduate School of CAS. He was awarded the Research Medal of the nation government in 2009 and 2011 for his work on new animal drugs. Currently, his research is on research and development of novel animal drug, including chemistry, phamacokinetics, pharmacology and toxicology of pharmaceuticals.

Abstract:

The main objective of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effects of AEE in hyperlipidemic rat. After five-week oral administration of aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) in high fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic rats, the impact of AEE on plasma and urine metabonomics was investigated to explore the underlying mechanism by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis. Blood lipid levels and histopathological changes of liver, stomach and duodenum were also evaluated after AEE treatment. Without obvious gastrointestinal (GI) side effects, AEE significantly relieved fatty degeneration of liver and reduced triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TCH) (P<0.01). Clear separations of metabolic profiles were observed among control, model and AEE groups by using principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA). 16 endogenous metabolites in plasma and 18 endogenous metabolites in urine involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, fatty acid betaoxidation, amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle, sphingolipid metabolism, gut microflora and pyrimidine metabolism were considered as potential biomarkers of hyperlipidemia and be regulated by AEE administration. It might be concluded that AEE was a promising candidate for hyperlipidemia treatment. These findings could contribute to the understanding of action mechanisms of AEE and provide evidence for further studies.

Biography:

Shi Shu did her PhD in the year 1986, and she is specialized in animal nutrition and metabolic diseases. Her research areas are proteomics, metabolomics, bioinformatics, molecular biology and so on.

Abstract:

The essential factor is follicular growth of dairy cows postpartum to ensure the reproductivity. If the initiation of follicular growth is suffocated, which is called inactive ovary, the reproductivity of dairy cows is hugely influenced. Glycometabolism is one of the main factors to effect on follicular development. There were few reports about metabolism profile of inactive ovary of dairy cows, but the effect of glycometabolism disorder on follicular growth is not clear. In this study, we explored this problem based on GC/MS between dairy cows with healthy and inactive ovary. Plasma samples from twenty-two dairy cows and 20 dairy cows with inactive ovary were selected at 60–90 days postpartum to screen for metabolic compounds using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique. The data were analyzed with multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) and pathway analysis. One hundred and nine compounds were screened and identified by GC/MS, and 16 compounds with decreased levels in the inactive ovary group were detected via analysis of variables important in projection values and the p values from MSA. Seven compounds are related with glycometabolism including Ribitol, Oxalate, Trehalose, D-Tagatose, methyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, Hydroxylamine, 5-Aminoimidazole-4 -carboxamide ribotide. Meanwhile, 7 pathways involved the glycometabolism, such as pentose and glucuronate interconversions, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose metabolism, ABC transporters, nitrogen metabolism, biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from histidine and purine. In summary, it was speculated that glycometabolism disorder effect on the follicular growth induced the inactive ovary in dairy cows postpartum. 

Biography:

Jaleel K Ahmed has expertise in evaluation in iron and steel industry. He has registered 3 patents in USA, UK and Iraq, about using water in iron industry and wax for storage and transportation of DRI and using wax for carburizing of steel. He has also used chlorophyll as gamma ray absorber to protect Iraqi children from cancer and used red beet juice as scavenger for poisonous heavy metal ions and anticancer and detoxification of urea and uric acid from human body via urine system.

Abstract:

Oil rich countries are now using natural gas as a source for reducing gas production (H₂=75% and CO=14%) to produce Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) from iron oxide ore. In this research, a new source created which is pure hydrogen<99% obtained from electrolysis of water. The size of hydrogen atom is much smaller than that of carbon monoxide molecule, thus hydrogen could penetrate much deeper into the crystal structure of the iron oxide resulting in greater degree of metallization for the same time of reduction. After reduction, hydrogen returns to water, thus no material is consumed with hydrogen (closed circuit process). Since huge quantity of hydrogen is needed to reduce the iron oxide (e.g., to produce one million ton/year DRI), so prolonged electrolysis of alkaline aqueous solution is required; this will be accompanied by large quantity of oxygen gas liberated at the anode electrode (430000 tons/year) which is useful for industry and health purposes, as well as production of about 108 tons/year heavy water residue uses in nuclear industry. The world production of DRI is 75 million tons/year and continuously increases. In the present, DRI is comparatively new cargo that has already presented problems when shipped in bulk with its sponge-like structure is chemically reactive and easily oxidized with liberation of heat and hydrogen. The author has developed an efficient process for the treatment of DRI known as waxing process makes the DRI resistant to oxidation, corrosion, ignition and stop iron dust formation.

Biography:

Abstract:

Among historical nature remedies in Eastern Asia, Huaier (Trametes robiniophila Murr.) has long been reported for its significant efficacy on longevity and health maintenance, and more importantly, on cancer. The target cancers of Huaier overlap with those strongly influenced by the Hippo pathway, which is also well known as a tumor suppressor mechanism. Here we show a role of Hippo pathway as a main controlling mechanism of Huaier effect. The present study demonstrated that anti-cancer effect was a result of recovery of transcriptional dysregulation in Hippo pathway. We used Drosophila flies genetically disrupted transcriptional control in Hippo pathway with overexpressing non-phosphorylatable Yorkie (Yki:V5S168A) as an experimental model. The administration of Huaier clearly resulted in the recovery of rough eye formation caused by overabundant transcriptional signals in the mutants, indicating the modulation and the reconstruction of tumor suppressor mechanism. These improvements occurred in a dose-dependent manner, just as shown in clinical observations. The GC/MS-based metabolome analysis changed the metabolic profile to the early embryonic pattern. Judging from a broad spectrum of its efficacy, Huaier can provide a solution to a broad range of transcriptional dysregulation diseases, not only in cancer, but also many degenerative diseases via modulation of Hippo pathway control.